IBD & IBS (Crohn's Disease)

Cannabis has been observed to be beneficial to patients with IBD. The known anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and immunomodulatory properties of cannabinoids combined with the ECS’ significant presence in the GI tract provides a foundation for further research. [44]

Cannabinoids have been shown to be anti-inflammatory, mainly through CB2 receptors. In IBD, cannabinoids shift the balance of pro-inflammatory cytokines (immune system secretions)  to anti-inflammatory cytokines, as well as down-regulating the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. [37]

Research suggests that abnormalities in the quantity and breakdown of endocannabinoids (2-AG and anandamide) and endocannabinoid-like fatty acids may be related to whether a patient has diarrhea dominant vs. constipation dominant IBS. [21]

For IBS, pure THC is not effective in treating symptoms, suggesting that whole plant medicines or medicines combining THC with CBD are preferable. [21]